Photographic developing apparatus.



S. A. MISCHANSKY. PHoToGRAPHlc DEVELOPING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAY H, 1915.

Patented Apr. 17, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

.Z'wv Ton ISV/MM? i s.4/I. MISCHANSKY.

PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELPING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAY Il. Isls.

1,222,654. Patented fApr. 17, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

S. A. MISCHANSKY. PHOTOGRAPHIE DEVELOPING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY II. I9I5.

Patented Apr. 17

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIoE.

STEPHEN A. MISCHANSKY, OF SYBACUSE, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF T0 STANISLAW LISxKI, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

PHOTOGEAPHIC DEVELOPING APPARATUS.

Application led Hay 11, 1915.

To all whom z't may concern Be it known that I, STEPHEN A. Mis- CHANSKY, a subject of the Emperor of Austria, and a resident of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, in the State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Photographic Developing Apparatus, of which the following, taken 1n connection with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact descriptlon.

This invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for developing photographic films in broad daylight or at any time and in any locality where such operations may be necessary or desirable.

The main object is to provide a light and easily portable apparatus of this character in which a film of any ordinary length, such as commonly used in cameras, may be quickly and'effectively developed and fixed without exposure or removal from the apparatus.

Thse films are usually rolled together with a suitable opaque paper upon a spool or reel, and another object of my invention is toyprovide suitable means for stripping the paper from the film simultaneously with the unreeling of the film into one of the com- 'partments of the developing apparatus,

thereby avoiding the preliminary operation of removing the paper prior to the insertion of the reel in said apparatus.

A further object is to provide means whereby the film may be rendered visible without exposure to actinie light in transit from one compartment to another of the developer case.

Other objects and uses relating to specific parts of the device will be brought out in the following description.

In the drawings y Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portable daylight developing apparatus, embodying the various features of my invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal verti cal sectional view of the same apparatus,`

taken on line 2 2,'Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse vertical sectional view taken on line 3 3, Fig. 1.

Figs. 4 and 5 are enlarged transverse vertical sectional views taken, respectively, on lines 4 4 and 5 5, Fig. l, except that in Fig. Il the doors or lids for the sight and light openings are open.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 17, 1917. Serial No. 21378.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the detached reel container.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view fsimilar to Fig. 1 of a modified developing apparatus, showing an all-metal case.

Figs. 8 and 9 are a longitudinal vertical sectional view and a transverse vertical sectional view, taken, respectively, on lines 8 8 and 9 9, Fig. 7

T he apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclus1ve, comprises a substantially rectangular box or case 1 of any suitable dimensions or material, but in this instance of wood having bottom, side and "end walls rigidly united and a removable top 2 the interior of the case being divided by partitions 3 'into opposite end compartments l and 4 and an intermediate compartment 5 as shown more clearl in Fig. 2, said partitions 3 being pre erably rigidly united to the bottom and sides parallel with the ends so that the .compartments are substantially rectangular.

The cover 2- is removably mounted upon the upper edges of the ends and sides of the case 1 and is held in operative position by apertured spring catches 6 normally interlocked with pins 7 the spring catches being secured to the ends of the case l while the pins 7 are secured to the cover, whereby the upper ends of the spring catches may be forced outwardly out of interlocking engagement with the pins 7 to permit the removal of the cover and all parts covered thereby.

The portions of the cover directly over the compartments 4 and 4 are pro-. vided with ledges 8 extending from side to side and inwardly toward each other from the ends of the case part way only across their respective compartments, leaving openings 9 and 9 the opening 9 serving to permitnkthe introduction of a fixing solution, while the opening 9 may serve a similar purpose for the developing liquid, but is primarily for the purpose of allowing the passage of the film, as a therethrough in transit to the compartment 9 in a manner hereinafter described.

The opening 9 is normally covered by a sliding gate or shutter 10 guided in suitable ways 11 on the opposite sides of the cover and of sufficient area to effectively close thel opening 9 against the entrance of light, but which may be drawn back across the upper face of the ledge 8 when introducing the fixing solution into the adjacent compartment -4, the slide being provided with a suitable hand- 5 piece -12 by which it may be opierated.

The cover -2 is also provide with an opening registered with the compartment -4c-, but adapted to be closed by a hinged lidor shutter 13 to exclude light from the interior of said compartment -4 when the reel-supporting case as -144- is removed, said lid being provided with a suitable handle 15- by i Yhich it may be operated. The central portion of the cover is also provided with a sight-opening -16 registering With the compartment 5 and normally closed by ahinged shutter 17- to exclude light from said compartment, said shutter being held in operative position by a movable catch -18- on the main body of the cover, as shown more clearly in Figs. l and 4.

lEhe compartment 5 constitutes what may be termed a light chamber having a light opening 19 in one side provided With a door or closure -20- which is hinged to the case at the lower side of the opening `to swin outwardly and downwardly, but is prefere ly opened when transferring the film from the developer container to the fixing bath and at other times may be held in its closed position by a suitable catch -21- having an external hand-piece --22d by which .it may be operated.

The top of the compartment is covered by a screen -23 of colored glass or equivalent transparent substance, preferably red or orange, while the sight opening 1G in the cover is also provided with a similar screen Q4- extending thereacross in parallelism with and spaced apart from the screen 23- so as to form an intervening dark room or chamber through which the film may be drawn from one compartment to the other without exposing it to actinic rays while the screens 2B- and 24 permit the interposed portion of the film to be viewed 'or inspected at will by simply opening the door -20.

Within the compartment is placed a mirror or other reflecting medium -25- inclining upwardly and rearwardly from the loweil side of the light opening l9 so as to reflect the light upwardly through the screens -23- and #24, thus permitting the operator to inspect the film through the screens 2lband -23 when the shutter -17- is opened, as for example in trans- 60 ferring the film from the developer bath to the washing or fixing bath.

By this means for viewing the developed film, the operator may easily determine at a.

glance through the screens whether or not the C5 photographic matter is properly developed ings -32- on the outer face of the opposite and if not, the film may be returned to the developer tray without exposure.

Separate containers 2G- and -26- are removably mounted within their respective compartments JL- and -4- be- 7g 'tween the end walls of the case and partitions -3-, said containers beingl of suicient size to substantially fill their corresponding compartments and adapted to receive suitable reels -27- and 27- to which the opposite ends of a flexible conveyer -28- are attached for feeding the film from one compartment or container to the other. i

These reels -2 and 27 are pro- 30 vided with removable shafts 2Q-'- which are journaled in suitable bearings in opposite sides of their respective containers an are normally locked to their respective reels by keys or pins -30, one end of each shaft 35 being extended through and journaled in a suitable bearing in one side of the case -1 and provided with an external hand-crank 3l by which it may be operated 4for the purpose of winding the carrier 28 with 90 the film thereon from one reel to the other and vice versa.

The film conveyer -28- prises two narrow strips' of rubber, Jfabric or other flexible material spaced some distance apart in parallelism to correspond approximately to the widthof the film for engaging the extreme outer edges of the same without liability of injuring the photographic matter thereon, and preferably wound upon the ends of their respective reels -27- and -27-, as shown more clearly in Fig. 3, the intermediate portion of the carrier being guided by curved bearreferably comends of the partitions -3- close to the upper edges thereof to travel lengthwise across the upper face of the screen -23 or rather through the space between the screens 23- and 2l. y V

The undeveloped film is usually protected by a strip -33 of opaque or equivalent paper of substantially the same width as, but of greater length than the film and which is usually rolled with the film upon a reel or spool #34- which is inclosed within the case -14-, previously mentioned.

When it is desired to develop the photographic matter upon a film, the door -l3- is opened to the position shown in Fig. 2 and the reel case 14 with the reel #34- containing the film and its protective strip -83- is mounted in its stead upon suitable supporting ledges 35 on opposite sides of the case within the opening -9'-, the opposite sid-es'of the case being provided with lengthwise flanges -36- resting upon the ledges -35- and adapted to be engaged by movable catches or detents 37 for holding the reel case in operative position, the 1 remaining portion of the opening 9 so that when the entire reel case is adjusted for use, the joints with the main body of the cover are light-tight, as shown more clearly in Fig. 2.

A light-excluding shutter 40- is hinged to the cover Q at the inner edge of the opening 9 and preferably has its inner edgel made of pliable material, such as soft rubber or felt, to bear against the film as it is drawn from the reel 34 between the screens 23- and 24 thereby holding the film flatwise in contact with the conveyer 28 The opposite strips of the conveyer belt 28- are connected by cross bars 4lwhich hold them in spaced relation and also serve to receive attaching hooks 42 with which the attaching strips on the ends of the film may be interlocked to cause the conveyer to draw the film from one compartment or container to the other.

The inner portion of the reel case M within the opening 9 is provided with a plurality of, in this instance three, parallel rollers 43 44 and 45 extending transversely of the cover Within said opening for guiding the film from the reel M and also for guiding and stripping the protective strip 33 from the film; for example in adjusting the film preparatory to developing the same, the free end of the film and corresponding end of the strip, 33 are drawn by hand between the rollers 43 and 44 the free end of the film being attached to the hooks 42 on the conveyer 28 while the corresponding end of the protective strip 33 is drawn between the rollers 44 and 45 and across the under side of the closure 38 and thence upwardly through the opening 9 to the exterior of the case at the outer side of the reel case M ,so that by rotating the reel 27 in the direction indicated by arrow Fig. 2, the conveyer with the film attached thereto will be wound from the reel 27 upon the reel 27 until the film is entirely Withdrawn from the spool 34-, whereupon the opposite end of the 'film carrying a suitable attaching strip may be attached to the hooks 42 on the portion of the cnveyer adjacent the reel 27 it being understood that when the .film is wound upon the reel 27 the who1e portion thereof bearing the photographlc matter will have been carried beyond the shutter 40 thus permitting the reel case with the spool 34- therein to be removed and the adjacent end of the film attached, to the conveyer in the manner just described withoutexposing the film.

After the film has been reeled upon the reel 27 in the container 2G- and the reel case 14 with the spool 34- therein 1s removed, the developing liquid may be introduced into the container 26 through the opening 9 whereupon the lid 13 may be closed and locked so as to render the joints light-tight and the reel 27 is then operated in the direction indicated b i and film t ereon from the reel 27 it being understood that the carrier 28- is sufficiently longer than the film beyond the ends thereof to allow the entire film to be wound upon either reel, thereby permitting all ofthe photographic matter on thefilm to be treated in the developing liquid.

After the film has been wound upon the reel 27 in the manner just described, the sliding gate l0- may be opened and a suitable quantity of fixing solution may be introduced into the container 26 through the inlet 9 and the gate 10 may then be closed to exclude light, whereupon the film may be rewound upon the reel 27 to subject the same to the fixing solution directly from the developer. This fixing of the film directly from the developing liquid has been found to be practicable without the usual washing.

In Figs. 7 to 9, inclusive, I have shown a modified form of my invention consisting of an all-metal case 1 having end compartments 50 and 50 which also constitute the containers for the developing liquid and fixing solution, as distinguished from the wood case having the removable containers, the case 1 being provided with a removable metal top 2 having openings 9 and 9 registering with the upper open ends of their respectivecompartments 50 and 50 and also having a central sight-opening 16 register- `ing with the light compartment 5 The openings 9 9 and 16 are provided With suitable light-tight closures 10 13 and 17 all hinged to f one and the same side of the top and having their opposite sides provided with spring clasps 52 engaging with a rib 53- on arrow y to Wind the carrier the adjacent side of the case for holding them in their closed positions. Otherwise, the construction and operation is quite similar to that previously described.

What I claim is:

1. In a photographic developing apparatus, a case having a developing chamber in `from one of'said chambers to the other,

one end and a fixing chamber in the other end, and a dark-chamber intermediate the first-named chambers and communicating therewith to permit the passage of the film from one of said chambers to the other, said first-named chambers being provided with separate inlets for their respective liquids, and separate closures for said inlets.

2. In a photographic developing apparatus, a case having a deve one end and a fixing chamber in the other end, and a dark-chamber intermediate the first-named chambers and communicating therewith to permit the passage ofthe fil sai first-named chambers being 4provided. with separate inlets for their Arespectiveliquids, separate closures for said inlets, rand sepaate reels located in said first-named chamers.

3. In a photographic developing apparatus, a case having a developing chamber in one end and a fixing chamber in the other end, and a dark-chamber intermediate the first-named chambers and communicating therewith to permit the passage of the film from one of said chambers to the other, said first-named chambers being provided with separate inlets for their respectivevliquids,

separate closures for said inlets, separatev reels located in said first-named chambers, and a conveyer apron having its opposite ends attached to said reels and its intermediate portion extended through the darkchamber.

a. In a photographic developing apparatus,a case having a developing chamber in one end and a fixing chamber in the other end, and a dark-chamber intermediate the first-named chambers and communicating therewith to permit the passage of the film from one of said chambers to the other, said loping chamber 1n p first-named chambers being provided with separate inlets for their respective liquids, separate closures for said inlets, and a movable shutter at one end of the dark-chamber for excluding light from said chamber when the closure for the adjacent inlet is o en.

5. In a photographic developingl apparatus, the combination of a case aving a chamber in one end for a developing liquid and aseparate chamber in the opposite end i for-a fixing liquid, said case having a darkchamber between the first-named chambers, the dark-chamber having lower and upper screens in spaced relation to exclude actinic rays from the dark-chamber and to form a passage for the film from one of the firstnamed chambers to the other, and means or admitting and cutting ofi light from the under side ofthe lower screen.

6. In a photographic developing apparatus, the combination of a case having a chamber in one end for a developing and a 'separate chamber in the opposite end for a fixing liquid, said case having a darkchaxnber between the first-named chambers, the dark-chamber having lower and upper screens in spaced relation to exclude actinic rays from the dark-chamber and to form a passage for the film from one of the firstnamed chambers to the other, means for admitting and cutting ofi. light from the under side of the lower screen, and means for admitting and cutting oli light from above the upper screen.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 3d day of May, 1915.

STEPHEN A. MISCHANSKY.

Witnesses II. E. CHASE, Amon M. CANNON.

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